Variety Is the Spice of Life: The Mathematics of Biological Heterogeneity

A multilevel hierarchical framework for quantification of experimental heterogeneity in population snapshot data

DJ Warne, X Zhu, TP Steele, ST Johnston, SA Sisson, M Faria, RJ Murphy, AP Browning

2026-06-01

Biological systems exhibit substantial heterogeneity: that is, variation in specific characteristics of individuals within a popul..